The resurgence in coronavirus cases appears to have put a pause on the relentless risk rally that has propelled global stocks to recoup almost 80% of the March crash. But as stocks drift sideways while investors re-evaluate the prospect of a V-shaped recovery, the bulls still seem to have the upper hand. A resumption of the uptrend looks like a stronger possibility than a downside correction judging by the market sentiment and technical indicators. However, the markets’ two best barometers for risk and uncertainty tell a different story. The safe-haven gold continues to ascend to fresh multi-year highs but equally as important, the closely watched VIX volatility index has yet to subside to pre-pandemic levels, suggesting that traders do not think the turbulence is fully behind them.VIX signalling crisis is far from over
The VIX volatility index – a measure of market expectations of volatility for the S&P 500 over the next 30 days – surged to the highest since the 2008/09 financial crisis in March, peaking at 85.47, as the Covid-19 outbreak went global. It has since fallen back to less worrisome levels, though at around 29, it is still well above the 12-region it was hovering around in January. The VIX – often viewed as a ‘fear gauge’ for wider market uncertainty – has a predictably strong negative correlation with the S&P 500 but a surprisingly weak positive relationship with gold.
The traditional haven gold had started to rally long before the pandemic as the US-China trade war and other geopolitical risks had spurred a flight to safety for much of 2019. But geopolitical risks and broader sentiment are not the only factors that drive the precious metal. Gold is negatively correlated to the US currency and US yields and tends to rise when the dollar falls as it becomes cheaper for investors in non-dollar denominated countries to purchase the bullion.
Gold skyrockets after erratic virus reaction
The strongest demonstration of this relationship came at the height of the virus turmoil in March when gold plunged along with stocks, as the dollar soared during the ‘dash for cash’ episode. But as the liquidity constraints eased, gold is back to its predictable behaviour – climbing fresh highs amid a period of exceptionally heightened uncertainty. Prices are currently nearing a nine-year peak, shooting above the $1,800/oz level as the number of virus cases continue to escalate in many parts of the world, including the US, which has seen many states re-impose some lockdown restrictions.
However, things have been a lot ‘calmer’ in equity markets, with most major stock indices consolidating rather than handing back their exorbitant gains. The shift in investors’ mood from a stimulus-induced euphoria to a merely more cautious one as opposed to a return to the state of panic can also be seen in the VIX index, which has reacted very mildly to the resurgence of infections in the US.
Is Fed stimulus distorting the VIX too?
Yet the index remains above non-crisis levels and the significance of it not having fallen further is even greater when considering the distortion generated by the extraordinary amount of stimulus the Federal Reserve has pumped into the American financial system. Financial crisis-era quantitative easing (QE) was widely blamed for the unusually low volatility in the markets for extended durations over the past decade even as the world grappled with the Eurozone debt crisis, Brexit and trade wars.
But those previous stimulus efforts are now dwarfed by the unprecedented amount of intervention central banks around the world have made in financial markets since the pandemic erupted. The flood of liquidity has inflated expectations of a V-shaped recovery, despite blunt warnings by policymakers about the huge degree of uncertainty about the outlook. Taking this ‘distortion’ into account, investors should be more alarmed about why the VIX has not pulled back to more comfortable levels around its long-term average just above 19.
Fears of a new Wall Street Bubble
As Wall Street bulls show no sign of running out of steam, there is growing talk of a bubble waiting to pop, particularly for the tech-heavy Nasdaq, which has not only fully recovered all of its March losses, but is scaling record highs. If the elevated VIX index and bullion prices aren’t enough to ward off traders from excessive risk taking, then what is?
But is the equities boom really that irrational? The biggest gainers in this rally have been big tech names like Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft and Netflix, all of which have benefited from their online presence during the lockdowns and are likely to continue growing in revenue even if the pandemic lasts several years. By that definition, these are defensive stocks, hence, why traders are rushing to buy them rather than fleeing them at a time of great market stress.
The same cannot be said for some small cap stocks that have recently joined in the rally, fuelled by the soaring number of retail investors trying to cash in on the latest craze. Small caps are likely to be the biggest casualties if the bubble bursts. What everyone would like to know, however, is how much longer does the bull market have to run and is it really a question of when, not if?
Will reality catch up with the stock market?
Given the unparalleled amount of fiscal and monetary stimulus making its way into investors’ pockets one way or another, there’s no reason why this exuberance has to stop. But it’s only a matter of time before reality catches up with the stock market as the worsening virus situation in the US, not to mention the risks from the looming presidential election in November and souring relations with China, could bring the rally crashing down.
There are already signs that the US recovery is stumbling as plans to reopen the economy are either halted or reversed in many states. Even countries deemed successful in quickly containing the virus outbreak such as Australia and Japan are experiencing a flare-up in new infections. With no vaccine yet in sight, social distancing looks set to become a permanent fixture in people’s daily lives, putting a cap on capacity on vast sectors of the economy, including retail, hospitality and travel.
Even for businesses that aren’t as heavily impacted by the coronavirus, as long as people continue to live in fear, consumption will not return to pre-covid levels and the upcoming earnings season is likely to serve as a reminder of this.
Summer of volatility
Another potential danger for the risk rally in the immediate term is the unresolved matter of whether US lawmakers will agree to extend the unemployment benefits and other financial support that are set to expire this month. Although most market participants believe there’s little chance that Congress will not put together another massive fiscal package, the uncertainty in the meantime, along with the setback in fighting the disease, could make for a volatile summer.
All this means investors should be paying extra attention to the market’s best fear gauge, as well as of course to gold as the coming weeks and months could yet prove to be the most testing for the global economy.
