ECB President Christine Lagarde emphasized the central bank’s commitment to a “regular, gradual path” of monetary easing, citing progress in disinflation across the Eurozone.

Speaking to CNBC, Lagarde reiterated that the pace of rate cuts will depend on incoming data. Meanwhile, she described the neutral rate — where monetary policy neither stimulates nor restricts the economy — as between 1.75% and 2.25%.

Lagarde also acknowledged the divergence in monetary policy paths between ECB and Fed. She attributed this gap to differing economic circumstances, noting that the two central banks “did not reduce rates at the same pace.” Markets, she said, are pricing in “vastly different monetary policy moves” over the next few months, reflecting these fundamental differences.

On external risks, Lagarde played down concerns about inflation being exported to Europe from the US, suggesting that any reigniting of U.S. inflation would primarily impact the U.S. economy. She added, “We are not overly concerned by the export of inflation to Europe.” However, she acknowledged potential spillover effects through the exchange rate, which “may have consequences.”

Dutch ECB Governing Council member Klaas Knot expressed agreement with market expectations for rate cuts at the January and March meetings, saying he is “pretty comfortable” with them. However, he added it is “too early to comment” on further cuts beyond March.

“As long as the incoming data is in line with our projected return of inflation to target later this year then I think there is little obstacle to making another rate cut,” Knot said. “To change my mind for next week, it’s rather unlikely.”

Knot reiterated ECB’s trajectory toward a neutral policy stance. But he emphasized, “I’m not convinced yet that we need to go into stimulative mode as well.”

He expressed optimism that recent inflation data is “encouraging”. “It confirms the broad picture that we will return to target in the remainder of the year, and hopefully the economy will also finally recover a bit,” he added.

However, Knot flagged risks posed by US trade policies, describing punitive tariffs as a “clear downside risk on the horizon.”

Croatian ECB Governing Council member Boris Vujcic commented on market expectations for rate cuts during a webinar today, noting that the recent repricing from four to five cuts this year to three to four cuts seems “reasonable.”

He added, “I don’t feel uncomfortable with the current market pricing,” acknowledging the alignment between market sentiment and economic conditions.

However, Vujcic emphasized ECB’s data-driven approach, stating, “Markets have to make these predictions, we don’t. We can always wait for the data and then decide.”

Vujcic also highlighted ECB’s achievement in taming inflation without triggering a recession, often referred to as a “soft landing.” However, he cautioned that while the worst-case economic outcomes have been avoided, the lack of significant growth momentum raises concerns about stagnation.

Austrian ECB Governing Council member Robert Holzmann expressed skepticism over a potential rate cut at ECB’s upcoming January meeting. In an interview with Politico, Holzmann stated, “A cut is not a foregone conclusion for me at all,” emphasizing his commitment to approaching the discussion with an “open mind.”

Holzmann highlighted that ECB decisions are fundamentally data-driven and noted that inflation remained “well above” 2% in December, with January figures expected to reflect similar levels. He cautioned that “cutting interest rates when inflation rises faster than anticipated, even temporarily, risks hurting credibility.”

As a known policy hawk, Holzmann also revealed increased doubts about inflation settling around ECB’s 2% target by the end of the year. He cited unexpected developments since the December decision, including faster-than-expected depletion of gas reserves due to colder weather, the effective closure of the Ukraine gas transit, and the risks of persistently high energy prices.

German ECB Governing Council member Joachim Nagel in an interview with Platow Brief, highlighted persistent services inflation and a “high level of uncertainty,” referencing concerns about global trade dynamics as Donald Trump prepares to return to the White House next week.

“We should therefore not rush into anything on the path to monetary policy normalization,” Nagel stated.

Meanwhile, he defended the ECB’s discussions of a more aggressive 50-basis-point rate cut during its December meeting, noting that such debates are a normal part of policy deliberations.

ECB Executive Board member Frank Elderson emphasized the delicate balance the central bank must strike in setting interest rates during an interview with Het Financieele Dagblad.

He warned, “If we lower the interest rate too quickly, dialling down services inflation sufficiently could become complicated.” At the same time, he acknowledged the risks of maintaining rates too high for too long, which could lead to undershooting ECB’s inflation target.

“The markets don’t think we’ve finished easing now that we’re at 3% and I don’t think we have, either,” he added. “Setting interest rates is ultimately a question of how fast and how much.”